• 250 Dmg Arditi Dagger Bfv 1
• 250 Dmg Arditi Dagger Bfv 3

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The katar or katara^[1][2][3] is a type of push dagger from the Indian subcontinent.^[4] The weapon is characterized by its H-shaped horizontal hand grip which results in the blade sitting above the user's knuckles. Unique to the Indian subcontinent, it is the most famous and characteristic of Indian daggers.^[5] Ceremonial katars were also used in worship.^[6]

Etymology[edit]

Having originated in South India, the weapon's earliest name-form was likely the Tamilkaţţāri (கட்டாரி). It is alternatively known in Tamil as kuttuvāḷ (குத்துவாள்) which means 'stabbing blade'. This was adapted into Sanskrit as kaţāra (कट्टार) or kaţārī. Due to the schwa deletion in Indo-Aryan languages however, the word often came to be rendered as 'katar' in modern Hindi and by extension in colonial transliterations.

Other regional names for the weapon include kaṭhāri (ಕಠಾರಿ) in Kannada, kaţāra (കട്ടാര) in Malayalam, kaṭyāra (कट्यार) in Marathi, kaṭār (ਕਟਾਰ) in Panjabi, and kaṭāra (कटार) or kaṭāri in Hindi.

History[edit]

The katar was created in Southern India,^[7] its earliest forms being closely associated with the 14th-century Vijayanagara Empire.^[5] It may have originated with the mustika, a method of holding a dagger between the middle and index finger^[8] still used in kalaripayattu and gatka today. The real name of this is 'Kidaari' is from the ancient Tamil warefare class of weapons. Kidaari derived from the term 'Kedayam Ari' meaning the shield slippter in tamil. The name indicates this weapon being used to break down shield walls of enimies and armours. The weapon was used by the Tamil infantry units aka 'Kaalatpadai'. This falls under the 'mushtikai' class of the weapon system. 'Mushti' means the fingers closed and 'kai' means arm. This weapon is majorly used in closed combat. A Tamil king will be gifted with a golden Kidari as a token of loyalty from the Kaalatpadai General. It is worn as a symbol of respect by the king to the soldiers who lay down their lifes for him in war without any hesitation. Later Chatrpathi Shivaji was gifted with a Kidaari during his conquest to Tamil Nadu. A specific type of dagger might have been designed for this, as maustika is described vaguely as a 'fist dagger' in the arsenal list of Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak.^[8] One of the most famous groups of early katar come from the Thanjavur Nayak kingdom of the 17th century.^{[4][9][5][10]} Katar dating back to this period often had a leaf- or shell-like knucklebow curving up from the top of the blade to protect the back of the hand.^[8] This form is today sometimes called a 'hooded katara' but the knuckleguard was discarded altogether by the later half of the 17th century.^[11] As the weapon spread throughout the region it became something of a status symbol, much like the Southeast Asian kris or the Japanese katana. Princes and nobles were often portrayed wearing a katar at their side. This was not only a precaution for self-defense, but also meant to show their wealth and position. Upper-class Rajputs and Mughals would even hunt tigers with a pair of katar. For a hunter to kill a tiger with such a short-range weapon was considered the surest sign of bravery and martial skill.^[5]

Modern katar designs may include single-shot pistols built into either side of the weapon. In the 18th century, some traditional katar were refurbished with this innovation. The pistols are meant to deal the killing blow after the weapon has been thrust into the enemy. The katar ceased to be in common use by the 19th century, though they were still forged for decorative purposes. During the 18th and 19th century, a distinctive group of katar were produced at Bundi in Rajasthan. They were ornately crafted and their hilts were covered in gold foil. These katar were shown at the Great Exhibition of 1851 in Crystal Palace, London. Since then, the weapon has sometimes been mistakenly referred to in English as a 'Bundi dagger'.

Appearance[edit]

The basic katar has a short, wide, triangular blade. Its peculiarity lies in the handle which is made up of two parallel bars connected by two or more cross-pieces, one of which is at the end of the side bars and is fastened to the blade. The remainder forms the handle which is at right angle to the blade. Some handles have long arms extending across the length of the user's forearm. The handle is generally of all-steel construction and is forged in one piece together with the blade.

The blade, typically measuring 30–90 cm (12–35 in) in length, is usually cut with a number of fullers. Most katar have straight blades, but in south India they are commonly wavy.^[5] South Indian blades are often made broad at the hilt and taper in straight lines to the point, and elaborately ribbed by grooves parallel to the edges. Occasionally the blades are slightly curved, making them suited for slashing attacks. Some blades are forked into two points, which would later develop into the scissors katar.

The force of a katar thrust could be so great that many blades were thickened at the point to prevent them from bending or breaking. This also strengthened their use against mail. All katar with thickened tips are commonly described as 'armour-piercing', but it is likely that only narrow and slender blades made this function possible. Such a weapon was capable of piercing textile, mail, and even plate armor. This quality was preferred for warfare, where an opponent was more likely to be armor-clad, as opposed to single combat.

The Indian nobility often wore ornamental katar as a symbol of their social status. The hilts may be covered in enamel, gems, or gold foil. Similarly, figures and scenes were chiselled onto the blade. Sheaths, generally made from watered steel, were sometimes pierced with decorative designs. The heat and moisture of India's climate made steel an unsuitable material for a dagger sheath, so they were covered in fabric such as velvet or silk. Some katar served as a sheath to fit one or two smaller ones inside.

Techniques[edit]

Because the katar's blade is in line with the user's arm, the basic attack is a direct thrust identical to a punch, although it could also be used for slashing. This design allows the fighter to put their whole weight into a thrust. Typical targets include the head and upper body, similar to boxing. The sides of the handle could be used for blocking but it otherwise has little defensive capability. As such, the wielder must be agile enough to dodge the opponent's attacks and strike quickly, made possible because of the weapon's light weight and small size. Indian martial arts in general make extensive use of agility and acrobatic maneuvers. As far back as the 16th century, there was at least one fighting style which focused on fighting with a pair of katar, one in each hand.^[5]

Aside from the basic straight thrust, other techniques include the reverse flipped pierce, inwards side slashing, outwards side slashing, cobra coiled thrust, and tiger claw pierce performed by jumping towards the opponent.

See also[edit]

References[edit]

1. ^Dick Luijendijk (2008). Kalarippayat: The structure and essence of an Indian martial art. Lulu.
2. ^Max Klimburg (1999). The Kafirs of the Hindu Kush: Art and Society of the Waigal and Ashkun Kafirs. Franz Steiner Verlag.
3. ^Judith Pfeiffer and Sholeh Alysia Quinn (2006). History and Historiography of Post-Mongol Central Asia and the Middle East. Harrassowitz Verlag.
4. ^ ^abDK (2012-10-01). The Military History Book. Dorling Kindersley Limited. ISBN9781409328964.
5. ^ ^abcdefDr Tobias Capwell (2009). The World Encyclopedia Of Knives, Daggers And Bayonets. Anness Publishing.
6. ^Nityasumaṅgalī: devadasi tradition in South India.
7. ^O'Bryan, John (2013-04-23). A History of Weapons: Crossbows, Caltrops, Catapults & Lots of Other Things that Can Seriously Mess You Up. Chronicle Books. p. 91. ISBN9781452124209. katar weapon southern.
8. ^ ^abcSwords And Hilt Weapons. Prion. 2012. p. 196. ISBN978-1-85375-882-9.
9. ^Stone, George Cameron (1999-01-01). Glossary of the Construction, Decoration and Use of Arms and Armor in All Countries and in All Times. Courier Corporation. ISBN9780486407265.
10. ^Michell, George (1995-01-01). Architecture and Art of Southern India. Cambridge University Press. ISBN9780521441100.
11. ^Dr Tobias Capwell (2009). The World Encyclopedia Of Knives, Daggers And Bayonets. Anness Publishing. p. 86.

Björn-Uwe Abels, A contribution to the development of the Indian punch-dagger, called Katar or Jamdhar, Waffen- und Kostümkunde 2012, 145–158 (in German with an English summary).

The Israel Aircraft Industries Nesher (Hebrew: נשר, 'griffon vulture' – often mistranslated as 'eagle') was the Israeli version of the French Dassault Mirage 5multirole fighter.^[1]

Having sustained aircraft losses during the Six-Day War of 1967 and the War of Attrition fought during the late 1960s, the Israeli Air Force (IAF) sought to procure an improved variant of the highly successful Dassault Mirage III fighter aircraft. While a partnership to produce such an aircraft, the Mirage 5, was formed between French manufacturer Dassault Aviation and Israeli aerospace company Israel Aircraft Industries (IAI), during January 1969, in response to the 1968 Israeli raid on Lebanon, the French government announced that it would be imposing an arms embargo on Israel. In response to the embargo, Israel decided to proceed with the venture, but to domestically manufacture the airframes instead.

During 1969, IAI commenced manufacturing work on the type. According to official accounts, Israel had already obtained a complete set of drawings and detailed information prior to the embargoes enactment. The Neshers' airframe was identical to the Mirage 5, but was refitted with Israeli-built avionics, a Martin-Bakerzero-zero ejection seat, and provisions for a wider range of AAMs (Air-to-Air Missiles), including the Israeli Shafrirheat-seeking missile. During September 1969, the first Nesher prototype performed its maiden flight. During May 1971, the first Raam A was delivered to the IAF. During November 1971, the aircraft was officially renamed as the Nesher. The high point of the Nesher's career with the IAF was during the 1973 Yom Kippur War. The type reportedly performed well during the conflict, IAF pilots flying the type cumulatively claimed over a hundred kills.

During 1974, production of the Nesher was phased out in favour of a more advanced Mirage derivative which had been planned in parallel to the Nesher, known as the IAI Kfir. The IAF retired the type during the 1970s. The aircraft were later sold to the Argentine Air Force, where they were operated under the name Dagger. During 1978, Argentina urgently deployed their first Daggers due to the Beagle conflict, a territorial dispute and war scare between Argentina and neighbouring Chile. Daggers were also used during the 1982 Falklands War between Argentina and the United Kingdom, conducting a total of 153 sorties against both ground and naval targets across the 45 days of combat operations. During their anti-ship attacks, they were reportedly responsible for damaging several vessels, including HMS Antrim, Brilliant, Broadsword, Ardent, Arrow and Plymouth. In total, 11 Daggers were lost in combat with the British. The remaining aircraft were later upgraded into the Finger standard.

Design and development[edit]

Origins[edit]

During the early 1962, the Israeli Air Force (IAF) introduced the first of its Dassault Mirage IIICJ fighter aircraft.^[2] For the next two decades, it would be used as an air supremacy platform, securing the skies from hostile aircraft and achieving an impressive kill record during its service life. The performance of the Mirage IIICJ was soon regarded as being highly positive, leading to the type being considered as a strong contender for further development.^[2] During the late 1960s, the IAF came under pressure to acquire additional aircraft for the purpose of replacing in excess of 60 combat aircraft that had been lost during several conflicts between Israel and its neighbours, including the Six-Day War of 1967 and the War of Attrition which followed immediately and continued up to 1970. In addition, an arms race was emerging between Israel and several of its neighbours, such as Syria and Egypt, which were receiving increasingly advanced armaments from the Soviet Union during this time.^[3]

Accordingly, during July 1960, Israel had commenced work on a co-development effort with French aircraft manufacturer Dassault Aviation to develop and produce a variant of their highly successful Mirage III fighter aircraft.^[4] This product of this programme became known as the Mirage 5 and it was eventually built by Israel and named Raam in Hebrew (thunder). Dassault had pursued the development of the Mirage 5 at the request of the Israelis, who were the main foreign customers of the Mirage III and generally favoured France as a military supplier during this era.^[5] Specific requirements established by the IAF for the next version of the type was to de-emphasis the aircraft's all-weather capability and deleting its main radar system in exchange for improved ordnance-carrying capacity and range; this was made possible by the mostly-clear climate and typical weather conditions present in the Middle East.^[4]

Even prior to the prototype's maiden flight, Israel placed an order for a batch of 50 aircraft, as well as a pair of trainer aircraft of the type, which were intended for the IAF. However, the programme was effectively derailed during January 1969 when, in response to the 1968 Israeli raid on Lebanon, the French government announced that it would be imposing an arms embargo on Israel and the 'warring nations of the Middle East'.^[4][6][7] The enactment of the embargo prevented the delivery of the first 30 Mirage 5 aircraft, which were already paid for by Israel, in addition to options for 20 more of the type. In addition to preventing further deliveries, it also cut off all French support for operating the IAF's existing Mirage IIICJ fleet.^[6] Strategically, the embargo gave a major impetus for Israel to develop the capabilities of its own domestic arms industry in order to meet its demands.^[8]

The embargo has been viewed as having been a considerable setback for the IAF, who had been keen to induct the new Mirage 5 variant to compensate for the losses incurred during the Six-Day War, the service was also continuing to use the Mirage IIIC, but found itself unable to access official support. In response to the French decision, Israel decided to domestically manufacture the airframes (known as Raam A and B project);^[9] reportedly, Israel already possessed the necessary schematics and documentation on the aircraft, although Israel did not officially obtain a manufacturing license from Dassault. According to aviation author Don McCarthy, it has been speculated that Israeli intelligence agency Mossad had played a role in obtaining some of the manufacturing information, while others allege that Dassault's founder, Marcel Dassault, may have freely provided design information.^[6][10]

Apple made that true with the release of the Mac OS X Mountain Lion 10.8. There has been a lot of speculations that a huge amount of data can be sent over the internet before the release. The Wi-fi performance is also tweaked up to give you seamless connectivity and improved upload and download speeds.The Mac OS X Mountain Lion 10.8 also houses a better and stable operating system with its release so to give the user the hassle-free experience. The environment is fabricated with a much easier user experience to tackle all the problems efficiently and smoothly.

Production[edit]

According to aviation authors Doug Dildy and Pablo Calcaterra, Dassault discreetly provided the jigs, fixtures, and a large quantity of airframe components to Israel via an industrial consortium of Israeli aerospace company Israel Aircraft Industries and American aviation firm North American Rockwell, who were claimed to have been sold a manufacturing licence in January 1968.^[10] Reportedly, the first bare airframes, featuring no weapons, electronics, ejection seat, or engine included, had been delivered directly from Dassault in France.^[9] Dildy and Calcaterra claimed that detailed information on the aircraft's Atar engine was obtained via Swiss industrial manufacturer Sulzer, who had produced the engine for Switzerland's own Mirages; between these blueprints and possessing several Atar engines of the IAF's existing Mirages to reverse engineer, Israel was able to independently manufacture its own engines.^[10]

During 1969, IAI commenced manufacturing activity on the project.^[11] Officially, Israel manufactured the aircraft after having obtained a complete set of drawings. However, some sources have alternatively claimed that Israel had received 50 Mirage 5s in a disassembled state and shipped in crates directly from the French Air Force (AdA), while the AdA proceeded to take on the 50 aircraft which had originally been intended for Israeli service.^{[6][4][12][13][14]} During September 1969, the first Nesher prototype performed its maiden flight. During May 1971, the first Raam A was delivered to the IAF. During November 1971, the aircraft received its official name of Nesher.^[9]

The Neshers' airframe was identical to the Mirage 5, but there was an extensive refitting of Israeli-built avionics systems, along with the adoption of a Martin-Bakerzero-zero ejection seat,^[10] and improved provisions for a wider range of AAMs (Air-to-Air Missiles), including the Israeli Shafrirheat-seeking missile. In total, 51 Nesher fighters (Nesher S) and ten Nesher two-seat trainers (Nesher T) were constructed by IAI. The Nesher featured more simplistic avionics than the IAF's Mirage IIIC, reportedly, it was also slightly less maneuverable. However, it possessed a longer combat range and a larger payload. The reduced maneuverability of the type did not prevent the Nesher from performing well in air combat during the Yom Kippur War of 1973.^[15]

During 1974, production of the Nesher was phased out in favour of a more advanced Mirage derivative which had been planned in parallel to the Nesher. The principal difference of this derivative was the replacement of the Atar engine by an Israeli-built General Electric J79 engine. The J79 was a popular American engine for combat aircraft, having already been used on fighters such as the Lockheed F-104 Starfighter and the McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II. The resulting aircraft was given the name IAI Kfir.^[16]

Operational history[edit]

Israel[edit]

During May 1971, the first Raam A was delivered to the IAF. Production deliveries continued until February 1974, by which point a total of 51 Nesher fighters and 10 Nesher two-seat trainers has been delivered to the IAF.

The high point of the Nesher's career with the IAF occurred during the Yom Kippur War of 1973.^[17] The type reportedly performed well during the conflict, IAF pilots flying the type cumulatively claimed over a hundred kills.^[17] Shortly following the conflict, the decision was made to retire the Nesher. The introduction of the more capable Kfir derivative had diminished the importance of the Nesher, and their involvement in offensive operations had resulted in the airframes having rapidly aged as well.^[18][15] Following their withdrawal from service with the IAF, the majority of the remaining Neshers were refurbished and sold to Argentina, where the type was known as the Dagger.^[17]

Argentina[edit]

Following their retirement from IAF service, the remaining Israeli aircraft were refurbished and exported to the Argentine Air Force in two batches, 26 fighters were delivered in 1978 and 13 more in 1980. In Argentine service, the type was operated under the name Dagger; at its height, Argentina operated a total of 35 Dagger A single-seat fighters and four Dagger B two-seat trainers.^[19] During 1978, the Dagger was used to form a new unit, 6th Air Group; this unit was immediately enlisted with the support of the 8th Air Group (which operated the Mirage IIIEA) and the Peruvian Air Force, who was already an established user of the Mirage 5. The urgency of their initial deployment was a product of the Beagle conflict, a territorial dispute and diplomatic crisis between Argentina and neighbouring Chile during that year.

During the 1982 Falklands War between Argentina and the United Kingdom, Daggers were deployed to the southern naval airbase of Río Grande, Tierra del Fuego, and an airfield in Puerto San Julián. Despite the lack of an aerial refueling capability and the considerable distance to their targets, these being the British forces on the Falklands and the offshore vessels of the Royal Navy, the type managed to conduct a total of 153 sorties against both ground and naval targets across the 45 days of combat operations. During their anti-ship attacks, they were reportedly responsible for damaging several vessels, including HMS Antrim, Brilliant, Broadsword, Ardent, Arrow and Plymouth.^[20][21] In total, 11 Daggers were lost in combat (nine of them have been attributed to kills achieved via AIM-9L Sidewinders fired from Sea Harriers and two by surface-to-air (SAM) missiles).^[22][23]

As part of the 1979 contract with IAI, the Argentine Air Force had stipulated that the Daggers would be equipped with new avionics and HUD systems, enabling them to conform to the Kfir C.2 (and beyond in some subsystems) standard.^[24] The program, which was named Finger, was already underway in 1982 when the Falklands War broke out. Although the conflict was relatively brief, one consequence of the war was, as some of these systems were made by the British Marconi Electronic Systems, it became necessary to replace British-built systems after an arms embargo was imposed by the government of the United Kingdom. The corresponding work to replace such systems led to the planes being modified to the final Finger IIIB standard; this model primarily differed from the original Finger standard in the replacement of British-sourced equipment, often using French-built counterparts from Thomson-CSF.^[25][26]

Variants[edit]

• Nesher S : Single-seat ground-attack fighter version for the Israeli Air Force.
• Nesher T : Two-seat training version for the Israeli Air Force.
• Dagger A : Refurbished single-seat fighter version for the Argentine Air Force.
• Dagger B : Refurbished two-seat training version for the Argentine Air Force.

Operators[edit]

Former[edit]

250 Dmg Arditi Dagger Bfv 1

Argentina

• Argentine Air Force: 39 Daggers received, all retired.^[27]

Israel

• Israeli Air Force: 61^[27] Retired.

South Africa

• South African Air Force: 5^[27]

Specifications[edit]

Data from^{[citation needed]}

General characteristics

• Crew: 1
• Length: 15.65 m (51 ft 4 in)
• Wingspan: 8.22 m (27 ft 0 in)
• Height: 4.25 m (13 ft 11 in)
• Wing area: 34.8 m² (375 sq ft)
• Empty weight: 6,600 kg (14,551 lb)
• Max takeoff weight: 13,500 kg (29,762 lb)
• Powerplant: 1 × SNECMA Atar 9Cafterburning turbojet engine, 60.89 kN (13,690 lbf) with afterburner

Performanceat 12,000 m (39,370 ft)

• Maximum speed: Mach 2.1
• Range: 1,300 km (810 mi, 700 nmi)
• Combat range: 1,186 km (737 mi, 640 nmi) with 4,700 l (1,200 US gal; 1,000 imp gal) fuel in drop tanks + 2x AAM + 2,600 lb (1,179 kg) of bombs
• Service ceiling: 17,680 m (58,010 ft)
• Rate of climb: 83 m/s (16,300 ft/min)

Armament
up to 4200kg of disposable stores

See also[edit]

Related development

References[edit]

250 Dmg Arditi Dagger Bfv 3

1. ^Gupta 1997, p. 105.
2. ^ ^abMcCarthy 2013, p. 19.
3. ^Gupta 1997, pp. 103–104.
4. ^ ^abcdDildy and Calcaterra 2017, p. 13.
5. ^McCarthy 2013, pp. 19–20.
6. ^ ^abcdMcCarthy 2013, p. 20.
7. ^Gupta 1997, p. 104.
8. ^Gupta 1997, pp. 104–105.
9. ^ ^abc'110mb.com - Want to start a website?'. idfaf.110mb.com. Archived from the original on 2012-04-25. Retrieved 2011-11-04.
10. ^ ^abcdDildy and Calcaterra 2017, p. 15.
11. ^Pride, David. 'IAF Museum - IAI Nesher'. www.davidpride.com.
12. ^'Wing Magazine, Vol. 30/No 4, August 2000, p. 48, Swiss Federal Court'. Archived from the original on 2010-07-07. Retrieved 2006-10-12.
13. ^'Wing Magazine, Vol. 30/No 4, August 2000, p. 48, Swiss Federal Court'.
14. ^Rabinovich, Abraham. The Boats of Cherbourg: The Secret Israeli Operation That Revolutionized Naval Warfare. Seaver Books, New York. ISBN978-0-8050-0680-3
15. ^ ^abDildy and Calcaterra 2017, p. 16.
16. ^Gupta 1997, pp. 105–106.
17. ^ ^abcMcCarthy 2013, p. 21.
18. ^McCarthy 2013, pp. 20–21.
19. ^Dildy and Calcaterra 2017, p. 8.
20. ^'British Ships sunk and damaged - Falklands War 1982'. www.naval-history.net.
21. ^Dildy and Calcaterra 2017, p. 73.
22. ^Draper et al. 1986, pp. 129–130.
23. ^Dildy and Calcaterra 2017, pp. 73–74.
24. ^Dildy and Calcaterra 2017, p. 75.
25. ^Dagger & Finger en ArgentinaISBN987-43-8536-7book link
26. ^Dildy and Calcaterra 2017, pp. 75–76.
27. ^ ^abc'Dassault Mirage III & Mirage 5/Nesher in Israeli Service'. ACIG. 2003. Archived from the original on July 26, 2014. Retrieved 2013-08-09.

Bibliography[edit]

• Burden, Rodney; Michael Draper; Douglas Rough; Colin R Smith; David L Wilton (1986). Falklands the Air War. London: Arms and Armour Press. ISBN0-85368-842-7.
• Dildy, Doug and Pablo Calcaterra. Sea Harrier FRS 1 vs Mirage III/Dagger: South Atlantic 1982. Bloomsbury Publishing, 2017. ISBN1-47281-890-3.
• Gupta, Amit. Building an Arsenal: The Evolution of Regional Power Force Structures. Greenwood Publishing Group, 1997. ISBN0-27595-787-X.
• McCarthy, Don. The Sword of David: The Israeli Air Force at War, Pen and Sword, 2013. ISBN1-47383-283-7.

Further reading[edit]

• 'War of Attrition, 1969–1970.'ACIG, Retrieved: 13 October 2006.
• 'Dassault Mirage 5/Nesher in Service with the IDF/AF.'ACIG, Retrieved: 13 October 2006.
• 'The Designer of the B-1 Bomber's Airframe.' Wing Magazine, Vol. 30/No 4, August 2000. p. 48.
• Swiss Federal Court, case of Alfred Frauenknecht, appeal verdict, 3 November 1970.
• Breffort, Dominique; Jouineau, Andre (2004). The Mirage III, 5, 50 and derivatives from 1955 to 2000. Planes and Pilots 6. Histoire et Collections, Paris. ISBN2-913903-92-4.
• Pérez San Emeterio, Carlos (1978). Mirage. Espejismo de la técnica y de la política. Armas 30 (in Spanish). Editorial San Martin, Madrid. ISBN84-7140-158-4.
• Núñez Padin, Jorge Felix; Cicalesi, Juan Carlos; Rivas, Santiago. Núñez Padin, Jorge Felix (ed.). Dagger, Finger & Mara. Serie Fuerza Aérea (in Spanish). 19. Bahía Blanca, Argentina: Fuerzas Aeronavales. Archived from the original on 29 December 2014. Retrieved 24 August 2014.
• Dildy, Douglas; Calcaterra, Pablo (2017). Sea Harrier FRS 1 vs Mirage III/Dagger - South Atlantic 1982. Duel. 81. Oxford, Great Britain: Osprey Publishing. ISBN978-1-4728-1889-8. Retrieved 2018-12-16.

External links[edit]

• Mirage Argentina, el sitio de los Deltas argentinos(in Spanish)